NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 2 covers First World War, Idea of Satyagraha, Rowlatt Act, Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Sense of Collective Belonging.
Overview of Topics & Subtopics (Click to Jump)
1. The First World War, Satyagraha & Rowlatt Act
Short Note:
• Impact of WWI: Increased defense expenditure, forced recruitment in rural areas, crop failure, and price rises created extreme hardship.
• Satyagraha: Introduced by Mahatma Gandhi after returning from South Africa (1915). Emphasized power of truth and non-violence (Champaran 1917, Kheda 1917, Ahmedabad 1918).
• Rowlatt Act (1919): Gave government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (13 April 1919): General Dyer opened fire on a peaceful gathering in Amritsar, killing hundreds.
2. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922)
Short Note:
• Khilafat Movement: Led by Ali brothers (Muhammad Ali & Shaukat Ali) to support Ottoman Caliph. Gandhi linked it with Non-Cooperation at Nagpur Session (1920).
• Different Strands:
• In Towns: Students left schools, lawyers gave up practice, foreign goods boycotted.
• In Countryside: Peasant struggle led by Baba Ramchandra in Awadh against talukdars.
• Tribal Areas: Militant guerrilla movement led by Alluri Sitarama Raju in Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
• Withdrawal: Called off by Gandhi after the violent Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922.
3. Civil Disobedience Movement & Dandi March (1930)
Short Note:
• Simon Commission (1928): All-British commission; boycotted with the slogan "Simon Go Back".
• Poorna Swaraj: Declared at the Lahore Congress Session (1929) under Jawaharlal Nehru's presidency.
• Salt March (Dandi March): Gandhi walked 240 miles from Sabarmati to Dandi with 78 volunteers, reaching on 6 April 1930 to break the salt law by manufacturing salt.
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) & Poona Pact (1932): Poona Pact was signed between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Gandhi, reserving seats for Depressed Classes in provincial councils.
4. The Sense of Collective Belonging
Short Note:
• Cultural Symbols: Image of Bharat Mata (first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, painted by Abanindranath Tagore).
• Folklore & Hymns: Vande Mataram composed by Bankim Chandra. Rabindranath Tagore and Natesa Sastri (The Folklore of Southern India) collected folk tales.
• National Flag: Tricolor flag designed during Swadeshi Movement (1905) and Swaraj Flag designed by Gandhi in 1921 with a spinning wheel in the center.
Intext & Conceptual Questions
2. It granted government unbridled powers to detain political activists without trial for up to two years.
3. It undermined basic civil liberties and judicial transparency, termed "Black Law" by Mahatma Gandhi.
2. Mass Participation: Marked the formal launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement across the country.
3. Defiance of Colonial Law: People not only boycotted foreign goods but explicitly broke colonial laws.
Textbook Chapter End Exercise Questions
1. Chauri Chaura Incident: In February 1922, a peaceful demonstration at Chauri Chaura (Gorakhpur, UP) turned violent, resulting in the burning of a police station and death of 22 policemen.
2. Growing Violence: Gandhi felt the movement was turning violent in many places, which went against his core principle of non-violence (Satyagraha).
3. Need for Training: He realized that satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles.
1. Rich Peasants (Patidars & Jats): Participated actively because fall in prices and trade depression destroyed their cash crop income.
2. Poor Peasants: Wanted unpaid rent to landlords to be remitted.
3. Business Classes (FICCI, G.D. Birla): Wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a sterling-rupee exchange ratio that discouraged imports.
4. Industrial Working Class: Participation was limited except in Nagpur region, focusing on low wages and poor working conditions.
5. Women: Participated in large numbers in salt manufacture, picketing cloth and liquor shops.
1. By the end of the nineteenth century, many Indians felt that to instill a sense of pride in the nation, Indian history had to be thought about differently.
2. British historians portrayed Indians as backward, primitive, and incapable of governing themselves.
3. Indian nationalists wrote about glorious past developments in art, architecture, science, mathematics, religion, and trade before colonization.
4. Re-reading this history encouraged Indians to take pride in India's great achievements and unite to fight colonial domination.
Read More & Chapter Resources
These short notes are designed for quick revision. Read the main points once, then use the related material below to practise the same chapter. Revising a concept and checking it with questions can make your preparation more focused.